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PDF Text
Text
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
EASTERN DIVISION
FRANK COLLIN, et al.,
Plaintiffs,
-vsALBERT SMITH, etc., et al.,
Defendants.
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
NO.
77 C 2982
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Plaintiffs, the. National Socialist, or Nazi, Party of
America, and Frank Collin, a member of the party's Chicago branch,*
seek by this action to void three ordinances of the Village of
Skokie on First and Fourteenth Amendment grounds.
Defendants are
the Village, Albert Smith, its President, Harvey Schwartz, its
Corporation Counsel, and John N. Matzer, Jr., -its Village Manager.
Now before the court is plaintiffs! motion for a preliminary injunction against enforcement of the ordinances pending final
resolution of the case.
In order to resolve this motion, this case must be viewed in the context of the continuing controversy between the parties
Skokie is a predominantly Jewish community on Chicago's north side.
In April of this year, plaintiffs announced their intent to hold a
public assembly in front of the Skokie Village Hall.
Skokie then
obtained an injunction against the meeting from the Circuit Court
of Cbok County, which injunction was later extended to cover any
further assemblies by plaintiffs pending further order of the
court.
The basis for the injunction was the likelihood that a
�public display of Nazi regalia in Skokie would lead to an uncontrollably violent reaction from Village residents, many of whom
were or had relatives who were imprisoned in German concentration
camps during the Second World War.
Plaintiffs appealed the injunction order to the Illinois
Appellate Court, which denied a stay pending the appeal.
77-628 and -662.
Dkt. Nos.
On writ of certiorari, the United States Supreme
Court reversed and ordered the court to either stay the injunction
or expedite appellate review.
45 U.S.L'.W. 3820 (June 14, 1977).
On remand, the Appellate Court chose the latter course, and on
July 12 modified the injunction to prohibit only the display of
the swastika symbol by plaintiffs.
The Illinois Supreme Court
granted leave to appeal, but denied a stay.
Mr. Justice Stevens,
sitting as Circuit Justice, also denied a stay.
The case was
argued in the Supreme Court on September 20, 1977, and is awaiting decision.
While this litigation was taking place, Skokie enacted the
three ordinances in question on May 2.
Ordinance #77-5-N-994 re-
quires that a permit be obtained before holding any parade or public assembly within the Village.
Ordinance #7?-5-N-995 prohibits
the dissemination within the Village of any materials which promote
or incite hatred based on race, national origin, or religion.
Or-
dinance #77-5-N-996 prohibits any demonstrations by members of
political parties wearing military-style uniforms.
Although the ,
Nazi party is nowhere mentioned, the subject matter of these ordinances and the context in which they were enacted make it clear
- 2 -
�that they were directed against plaintiffs.
Plaintiffs allege
that they applied for a permit to hold a public assembly under
#994 on June 22, which was refused by defendant Matzer because
party members planned to wear uniforms in violation of #996.
Plaintiffs1 brief in support of a preliminary injunction is devoted entirely to an attempt to show that the ordinances
are so clearly unconstitutional that plaintiffs are overwhelmingly
likely to prevail on the merits 'in the final resolution of this
case.
For purposes of this motion, the court will assume arguendo
that plaintiffs are likely to succeed on the merits.
Neverthe-
less, the motion for a preliminary injunction will be denied.
Likelihood of success on the merits, is only one of the prerequisites
for the grant of preliminary injunctive relief.
The basic purpose
of a preliminary injunction is to prevent a party suffering a harm
during the pendency of a case which the final judgment in the case
will be unable to remedy.
Plaintiffs have failed to convince the
court that they are threatened with such irreparable harm.
In their reply brief, plaintiffs argue that the deprivation of their First Amendment right to assemble and express their
views on questions of public importance is in itself an irreparable harm, citing A Quaker Action Group v. Hieke1, 421 F.2d 1111,
1116 (D.C.Cir. 1969).
The Quaker Action Group court specifically
declined to lay down a flat rule that First Amendment claims always involve a threat of irreparable harm.
Instead it relied on
the well-established rule that the grant of preliminary relief is
within the sound discretion of the district court, and noted that
the case involved demonstrations of substantial size, linked to
- 3 -
�specific timely issues, and requiring considerable advance planning.
This is not a comparable case.
There is no indication that plain-
tiffs wish to express their opinion on a particular issue which
will become moot by the time this case is resolved.
The only
specific issue mentioned in the briefs which plaintiffs wish to
address is an existing Skokie park ordinance requiring demonstrators to obtain insurance to cover damages to the parks.
Plain-
tiffs will not be denied an opportunity to express their opinion
of this ordinance if they are denied preliminary injunctive relief.
Nor do plaintiffs have the same need for advance planning that influenced the court in Quaker Action Group.
They are not planning
.a major demonstration involving hundreds of participants from
across the nation, as was the Quaker Group.
They wish to hold
small assemblies, attended by local members of what app.ears to be a
/
small, well organized group that can be mobilized on short notice.
The pendency of the state court proceedings between the
parties is another factor influencing the court to deny preliminary
relief.
Although that case raises different issues, and the out-
come of this .case does not depend in any way upon the Illinois
Supreme Court's decision, the fact that there are additional legal
obstacles, over which this court has no control, to plaintiffs1 plans
to demonstrate in Skokie makes it less urgent for this court to
grant interim relief.
Finally, the fact that plaintiffs have rested both their
argument in the case in chief arid their motion for summary judgment
almost exclusively on the facial unconstitutionality of the challenged ordinances means 'that in order to grant a preliminary in-
- 4-
�junction the court would in effect have to resolve the merits of
the case.
This was the reason given by Mr. Justice Stevens for
denying a stay of the state court injunction, and it is equally
persuasive in this case.
If this court must determine the con-
stitutionality of the challenged ordinances, it would prefer to
wait until it has had an opportunity to examine the evidence and
briefs the parties will wish to submit.
It is undoubtedly true that any citizen is gravely injured whenever he is prevented from speaking out on issues of public importance, even on a temporary basis.
It was this injury that
led the Supreme Court to take the unusual step of immediately reviewing an intermediate state appellate court's denial of a stay.
But it must be noted that on remand the Court gave the Illinois
court the choice of granting either interim relief or an expedited
hearing on the merits.
Likewise, in this case the court conludes
that an expedited hearing on the merits will adequately protect
plaintiffs' constitutional rights, and after consultation with
counsel the court will take appropriate steps to insure that the
merits of this controversy are promptly submitted for consideration.
Accordingly, it is hereby ordered that plaintiffs' motion
for a preliminary injunction be denied.
ENTER:
BERNARD fc. •
United States District Judge
DATED:
October 21, 1977.
- 5 -
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Collin v. Smith, Docket No. 77-2982, United States District Court for Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, Memorandum Opinion and Order
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Legal opinion and order, "Memorandum Opinion and Order," in the case, "Frank Collin, et. al., Plaintiffs vs. Albert Smith, etc., et al., Defendants." United States District Judge, Bernard M. Decker, denies the plaintiff's motion for a preliminary injunction against enforcement of Skokie Village ordinances pending final resolution of the case.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
10/21/1977
Subject
The topic of the resource
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America -- Trials, litigation, etc.
District Courts -- Illinois
Ordinances, Municipal -- Illinois -- Skokie
Collin, Frank
Smith, Albert J., 1915-1994
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
No Copyright - United States http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2004.012.107.pdf
Skokie Historical Society - Smith Collection - 2004.012.107.001-.005
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Decker, Bernard
Original item from the Smith Collection of the Skokie Historical Society
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
5 p.
court documents
from the Mayor Al Smith Collection
key documents
-
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dee55e66825fe4c8f892e8066af93a21
PDF Text
Text
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
June 2
f
1978' !
Before
Hon.
WILBUR F. PELL, Circuit Judge
Hon.
ROBERT A. SPRECHER, Circuit Judge*
Hon.
HARLINGTON WOOD, JR^. Circuit^ Judge
FRANK COLLIN, et al.,
Plaintiffs-Appellees ,
VS.
No. 78-1385
ALBERT SMITH, et al.,
Defendants-Appellants*
Appeal from the United
States District Court
for the Northern Dis'trict of Illinois,
Eastern Division.
No. 77-C-2982
Bernard M. Decker9 Judge,
ORDER
This matter is before the court on the motion of
defendants-appellants for a stay of mandate pending application
to the Supreme Court of the United States for a writ of
certiorari.
In their accompanying suggestions in support of the motionr
the appellants place primary emphasis upon various statements
attributed to the prevailing appellees subsequent to this
court's decision which in essence challenge the good faith of
the appellees in seeking the right to march in Skokie* It is
notedf however, on the other hand that reports in the local
media indicate that the Village of Skokie authorities have
* Judge Sprecher would grant the motion to stay and therefore
dissents from the issuance of the above order.
�Appeal No. 78-1385
Page 2
granted a counter-demonstration permit for June 25, the day on
which the appellees seek to march, to the Jewish Federation of
Metropolitan Chicago.
. »
However, whatever all of this may be in factf and
irrespective of what maneuvering the parties may be engaging in
with regard to a particular date for marching and
demonstrating, the basic issue in litigation which is before
this court remains that of the constitutionality of the three
Skokie ordinances. That issue has been decided against the
appellants. We are not persuaded that the appellants have
demonstrated a specific substantiated showing for a stay of
mandate pursuant to Circuit Rule 17, particularly in view of
the impact that delay has on the exercise of First Amendment
rights. We note that unless the mandate is stayed it will be
issued by this court on June 12, 1978. That issuance date will
allow sufficient time for the appellants to seek a stay in the
Supreme Court of the United States.
Accordingly, the motion for stay of mandate is denied and
the clerk of this court is directed to issue the mandate in
this cause on June 12, 1978.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Collin v. Smith, Docket No. 78-1385, United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit Order
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
An order for a stay of mandate is denied in the case of an appeal brought forth by Albert Smith, et al. to the Seventh Circuit Court. Judges Wilbur F. Pell, Robert Sprecher and Harlington Wood, Jr. decided that the village's ordinances were unconstitutional. The denial of the stay of mandate meant that the previous decision would proceed as previously decided. It is suggested in the document that the date the mandate would be issued would still allow enough time for the defendants to appeal to the United States Supreme Court.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
6/2/1978
Subject
The topic of the resource
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America -- Trials, litigation, etc.
District Courts -- Illinois
Ordinances, Municipal -- Illinois -- Skokie
Collin, Frank
Smith, Albert J., 1915-1993
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
No Copyright - United States http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2004.002.075.pdf
Skokie Historical Society 2004.002.075.001, .002
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Pell, Wilbur F.
Sprecher, Robert A.
Wood, Jr., Harlington
Original item from the collection of the Skokie Historical Society
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2 p.
court documents
key documents
-
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57a73089030fb4311636d91c944a1c7a
PDF Text
Text
IN THE
CIRCUIT COURT OF COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS
COUNTY DEPARTMENT, CHANCERY DIVISION
SOL GOLDSTEIN, on his own behalf
and on behalf of a class
similarly situated,
.Plaintiff,
)
v.
)
FRANCIS JOSEPH COLLIN, a/k/a
FRANK COLLIN and all persons
acting in concert with him under
the name of the NATIONAL
SOCIALIST PARTY OF AMERICA,
Defendants.
No. 77CH 4367
COMPLAINT
This action is brought on behalf of Jewish residents
of Skokie, Illinois, who are survivors of the campaign of
racial extermination ("the holocaust") carried on by Adolf
Hitler and the National Socialist Party ("the Nazis") during
World War II. The action seeks a preliminary and permanent
injunction against persons calling themselves the National
Socialist Party of America ("the neo-Nazis"), restraining them
from intentionally inflicting severe emotional distress upon
plaintiff and the plaintiff class by attempting to reenact a
Nazi-style rally in Skokie. As his Complaint against defendants,
plaintiff states:
VENUE
1. Venue is properly in this Court since the actions
sought to be enjoined would take place in Cook County, Illinois,
and because one or more of the defendants is a resident of
Cook County, Illinois.
PARTIES
2. Plaintiff, Sol Goldstein, is a resident of
Skokie, Illinois. Goldstein is of Jewish ancestry and was
born in Minsk, Russia, in 1914. Thereafter, he lived in
Lithuania. From 1941 to 1943, he was forced to live in the
ghetto in Kovno, Lithuania. From 1943 to the Liberation, he
fought with the partisans based in the forest near Vilna.
The Nazis murdered his mother by throwing her into a well
with fifty other women and covering them with gravel. He
witnessed selections for forced labor and concentration camps.
His wife's parents and five brothers and sisters were murdered
by the Nazis.
3. Defendant Collin is a resident of Chicago. He
is the leader (or self-styled fuehrer) of the neo-Nazis.
4. Defendant neo-Nazis are an aggregation of
adolescent and middle-aged men who have come together in
Chicago, Illinois. They proclaim and subscribe to the doctrines
of racial and religious hatred vocalized by their idol, Adolf
Hitler, prior to and during World War II. The neo-Nazis have
made persons of Jewish ancestry a particular target of their
venom, overt actions and hate, and, like the Nazis, demand
their annihilation and support genocide.
5. The neo-Nazis have adopted the insignia and
symbols of the Nazi party of Alolf Hitler, notably the brown
shirt uniform and the swastika.
CLASS ACTION ALLEGATIONS
6. Plaintiff is representative of a class of
residents of the Village of Skokie, Illinois, who are of
Jewish ancestry, and who lived in territories occupied by
the armed forces of Nazi Germany prior to and during World
War II.
-2-
7. This class of persons is too numerous to permit
practical joinder before this Court.
8. The questions of law and fact raised herein
are common to all members of the class, the plaintiff's claims
are typical of those of the class, and individual actions by
members of the class would create a risk of inconsistent
judgments.
9. Plaintiff will fairly and adequately represent
the interest of the members of the class in this action.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
10. The Nazi Party had its origins in the aftermath
of the German defeat in World War I. Initially, the Nazis
were a very few right-wing extremists and malcontents, whose
activities consisted primarily of rallies, public demonstrations
and the dissemination of hate-filled, venomous and
illogical tracts. Virtually from its inception the group
launched vicious attacks against Jews.
11. Within a few years following the end of World
War I the leadership of the Nazi Party had been taken over by
Adolf Hitler, the party fuehrer. His leadership was marked by
an increase in the anti-semitic outbursts of the party and a
concurrent increase in the number of rallies and street demonstrations
held by the party.
In November, 1923, the Nazi
Party staged an unsuccessful coup against the legal government
of Germany.
The party was then banned and Hitler was convicted
of treason and sent to prison.
His prison writings, in the
form of a book entitled Mein Kampf, set out a plan for seizing
power in Germany,. conquering Europe, and subsequently annihilating
the Jews of Europe.
-3-
�12.
After his release from prison, Hitler and a
reborn Nazi Party began a steadily increasing effort to come
to power.
Nazis, in brown shirts with the swastika insignia
prominently displayed on armbands, became a common sight.
They vilified Jews and perpetrated acts of violence against
Jews and their property.
13.
state.
In 1933, Hitler became chancellor of the German
The tempo of anti-semitic violence increased.
of brown-shirted Nazis terrorized Jews.
Gangs
At mass rallies,
where Nazi symbols were omnipresent, Hitler launched scathing,
vituperative attacks on Jews.
The government, entirely
controlled by the Nazi apparatus, issued laws intended to
isolate and eventually ostracize Jews from German life.
A
ministry of propaganda purposefully maintained continual
agitation against Jews at a high level.
14.
By 1938, scenes of violence against Jews
became commonplace occurrences on the streets of German
cities.
Nazi gangs regularly beat up Jews, destroyed
synagogues, and looted Jewish-owned stores.
Eventually mass
deportation of Jews to concentration camps was begun.
Storm
troopers would appear at Jewish homes at any time of the day
or night and drag the inhabitants to camps.
Warnings of
deportation were only rarely given and the destination was
never specified.
Usually deportation meant irrunediate death
or extended and atrocious emotional and physical suffering,
brutalization and dehumanization, under deplorable conditions.
15.
The treatment inflicted on the Jews of Germany
was extended to other European Jewish communities as a result
of the conquests of the German army.
-4-
Under the banner of the
�Nazi insignia, military personnel and extermination specialists
carried out a policy of torture and murder of Jews wherever
they were found.
death.
Concentration camps became factories of
Nazi guards mericilessly killed camp inmates without
warning.
Starvation, disease and exhaustion frequently killed
those inmates spared death by shooting or gassing.
Eventually
some 6,000,000 Jews from all corners of Europe were massacred
under the supervision or encouragement of the Nazis and under
the aegis of the brown shirt and swastika which were the Nazis'
symbols.
16.
The terror and suffering imposed on the Jewish
communities of Europe by the Nazis stand as an unparalleled
exampled of man's cruelty and barbarism.
The period of annihila-
tion, brutality and demonic conduct is commonly known as the
holocaust.
THREATENED HARM
17.
Prior to May 1, 1977, the nee-Nazis announced
that they were planning a campaign of street demonstrations
and speeches in
heavily populated by Jews.
The purpose
of this campaign was to arouse hatred of Jews by persons
living in close proximity to large numbers of Jews.
A
leaf let announcing the anti-Jewish campaign is attached
hereto as Exhibit A.
18.
On May I, 1977, the Collin-led nee-Nazis
announced that they planned to hold the first rally in their
anti-Jewish campaign in Skokie, Illinois.
19.
The Village of Skokie, Illinois, is widely.
known to have a very high concentration of Jewish residents.
Approximately sixty per cent of its population is Jewish.
-5-
�20.
The Village of Skokie, Illinois, also contains
a large number of Jews who lived in territory controlled by
the Nazi forces of Adolf Hitler during World War II.
Such
persons refer to themselves as "survivors of the holocaust."
21.
Through legal action taken by the Village of
Skokie, the planned rally of May 1 was enjoined, but the neoNazis have announced their intention to hold a rally on July 4,
1977, and to march in the brown shirt uniform of the Nazi
party, wearing the swastika.
22.
For survivors of the holocaust, such as plaintiff,
the march and rally in Skokie, by persons who call themselves
Nazis, wear the brown shirt and swastika, and bear the insignia
of the Nazi party, is outrageous and abhorrent conduct, which
will necessarily recall the holocaust which the survivors
experienced, and will impose on them severe and extreme
emotional distress.
23.
The symptoms of severe emotional distress which
will be suffered by survivors of the holocaust as a result of
exposure to this reenactment of behavior they witnessed in
conjunction with their experiences during the holocaust are
detailed in the affidavit of Dr. Lawrence
z.
Freedman, attached
hereto as Exhibit _B.
24.
This severe and emotional distress will be
experienced by survivors of the holocaust as a direct and
proximate result of the presence of persons bearing the symbols
and insignia of the Nazi party marching in or through their
home conununity, an area widely known as being predominantly
Jewish.
-6-
�25.
Defendant Frank Collin, and those acting in
concert with him under the name of the National Socialist
Party of America, know that the population of Skokie is
predominantly Jewish, and that many survivors of the holocaust
reside in Skokie.
26.
Defendants know and intend that the result
of their threatened demonstration in Skokie will be the
creation of severe emotional distress in those survivors of
the holocaust who reside in Skokie.
27.
Plaintiff and the class he represents have
a right to be secure in their persons and to have their
individual human dignities maintained.
28.
The action threatened by defendants is imminent,
and will cause severe and inevitable irreparable harm to
plaintiff and the class he represents.
29.
Plaintiff has no adequate remedy at law.
WHEREFORE, plaintiff, on his own behalf and on
behalf of all those similarly situated, prays this Court for
issuance of a preliminary and permanent injunctive relief
restraining Frank Collin, his agents, employees, successors,
and all those acting in concert with him, including those
acting in the name of the National Socialist Party of America,
from engaging in any demonstration, rally, parade, or march of
any kind or description,-:in or through the Village of Skokie,
Illinois, at which the uniform of the Nazi party (including
brown shirts or swastika.armbands) is worn-by-the participants,
or the insignia of the Nazi party are displayed, and from
engaging in any said demonstration, rally, parade or march in
or through the Village of Skokie on July
-7-
1977.
�:
South LaSalle
j
.!. 1625
Chicago,
372:3 9232
One
-
..
SOL GOLDSTEIN, individually,
and on behalf of a class
similarly situated
. ..
..
60603
BY
...
'
Plaza
222-9350
l. Illinois
60611
l.
3000
233 s. Wacker Drive
.Illinois
60 G60606
876-8000
.
Elliotiot Bien
203 s.
Street
chic:1go, Illinois
60604
346-3500
:
644-- 2 2400
:
i
11
-2-
n e of Their Attorneys
�\
Many White
who have followed our Movement over the years have been
distressed that we have confined our activities to
far south side
and southern suburbs. Recent
in the Lerner newspapers have expressed
the fears of the Jewish community, es
ially the J
Defense League, that
we may soon concentrate our efforts in their areas. Traditionally, we have
always had the best support in
Park and in
like Park Forest.
But a new factor has entered the picture. Namely, the Chicago Park District
the courts. They have both enforced what amounts to a complete ban of our
right to
speech in public. And, since we have been so banned, we have
decided to relocate in areas heavily populated by. the real enemy --- the Jews!
An old maxim goes: "Where one finds the most
there also shall one find
the most Jew-haters." With this
truth in mind, we are now planning a
number of street demonstrations and even speeches in Evanston, Skokie, Lincoln
wood, .
North Shore, Morton Grove, etc. This leaflet is but the first of
..
number now being prepared for eventual mass-distribution. A beautiful, fullcolor
18 inches by 30 inches, with non-removable adhesive on the
back, is a]ready in the works. The poster shows three rabbis involved in the
ritual murder of an innocent Gentile boy during the hate-fest of Purim. Our
propaganda will deal at large with expose' after
the Talmud, the
Protocols of Zion and revealing quotes, many never before presented anywhere,
from loose-lipped Hebes. In short,
successful opposition to the Black
Invasion of Southwest Chicago will
be turned on the culprits who started
it all:
the Jews! ALL
WE
OUR
SPEAK IN MAR-
are therefore compelled to seek new grcund for support. And we
shall find it: in the Aryan
of the Jewized suburbs, who have
had enough of political manipulation,
thievery and forced integration
HEIL HITLER!
The National . Socialist Party of J.merjca, at
Street, Chicago, Illinois 60629
)
Hall, 2519 West 71st
�.
.
r
\
.
.
.
f
..
�State of Illinois
SS
County of cook
IN THE
CIRCUIT_COURT OF COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS
COUNTY DEPARTMENT, CHANCERY DIVISION
Sol Goldstein,
on their
behalf of a
own behalf and on
.class similarly situated,
,
,
Plaintiffs,
v.
FRANCIS JOSEPH aka FRANK COLLIN,
'
, and all persons
acting in concert with them
under the name of the NATIONAL
SOCIALIST PARTY OF AMERICA
Defendants.
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
No.
AFFIDAVIT
..
Dr. Lawrence Zelic Freedman, being
sworn on
his oath, deposes and states as follows:
1.
I am Lawrence_ Zelic Freedman, M.D., Foundations
Fund Research Professor of Psychiatry,
and Co-Chairman of the Institute of Social
of Chicago,
Behavioral
Pathology.
2.
During the period in which Adolf Hitler was
the head of government in Germany, the Jews in that country
and those which its armies subsequently conquered lived
under a reign of terror.
The Jews lived in dread of outrage
,
.
�or death:
the total lack of security for the individual
and his inability to know when he would be the target of
terrorism, isolation and death.
3.
Clinical studies have demonstrated that
profound trauma inflicted upon individuals and groups from
causes which cannot be avoided and from which there is no
escape suffer from depression, withdrawal and intense
anxiety -- .in short, terror.
4.
Even when the circumstances which created these
pathological states are removed, the traumatized individual
remains sensitized and vulnerable to signs and symbols, as
well as to the substance of their recurrences.
5.
It is my opinion that exposure to such symbols
as swastikas, Nazi-like uniforms and the marching of men in
para-military style could inflict serious recurrences of the
psychic assault previously suffered by these people.
This
form of psychological assault has been called by some experts
It is a significant and possibly dangerous
attack on the sensibilities of a highly vulnerable population.
The
of harmful assault is greatly reinforced when
such a reenactment is forced upon persons within the very
conununity. in which they live.
6.
suffered
by
The severe emotional distress which will be
survivors of the holocaust as a result of exposure
to this reenactment of behavior they witnessed in conjunction
with their experiences during the holocaust includes
a.
an overwhelming sense of anxiety,
b.
feelings of terror, shame or guilt,
-2-
�c.
withdrawal manifested by an inner blunting of
emotions, as well as withdrawal from ordinary contact
with society, and alienation from family and friends,
c.
a paralyzing sense of helplessness and an
incapacity to deal with day-eo-day problems,
e.
an urge to respond pathologically to the re-
enactment experience,
f.
emotional turmoil and anguish in assessing a
response to the reenactment,
g.
experiencing of psychosomatic symptoms of
physical ailments and pain suffered during the holocaust.
LAWRENCE ZELIC FREEDMAN, M.D.
Subscribed and sworn to
before me this
2
day
of
Pub-I c
My
1/26/81
l
-3-
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Goldstein v. Collin, Docket No.77-4367, Circuit Court of Cook County, Chancery Division
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
United States. Circuit Court (Illinois : Northern District)
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Photocopy of the Class Action Suit by "Sol Goldstein, on his own behalf and on behalf of a class similarly situated, Plaintiff v. Francis Joseph Collin a/k/a Frank Collin and all persons acting in concern of the National Socialist Party of America, Defendants". The lawsuit was an attempt to prevent the proposed National Socialist (Nazi) Party's march. The document lists what the complaint was, the allegations, the historical background, the perceived threat of harm, the exhibit evidence, and an affidavit regarding the perceived harm.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1977-06-27
Subject
The topic of the resource
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America -- Trials, litigation, etc.
District Courts -- Illinois
Holocaust survivors
Collin, Frank
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
No Copyright - United States http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2004.012.026.pdf
Skokie Historical Society - Smith Collection - 2004.012.026.001-.013
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Goldstein, Sol
Collin, Frank
Freedman, Lawrence Zelic, 1919-
Original item from the Smith Collection, Skokie Historical Society
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
13 p.
court documents
from the Mayor Al Smith Collection
key documents
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25609/archive/files/133b9d5343929026fa9d16b3c735a2a6.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=c4iIgSwSr1uCBgbiZHVuRYAIL6qKoBuSW1lbkenFbV2nHu1QI39ESNPVs2Pgq6aefB435r0QspR%7Eie5lErrDX%7EgFEoZfYa0CCOAo%7EOOhfYksP81hYl7SNTOTF1-qrcb3kT4fQgpJn2u7%7ENbjy4ZZn%7E0NjJHqTEab6IdTimqnQKlUd3qsPCfJ8u05TK7dhzNa81S57PToS7fSS6vxQerNFzmBaE9dvC9PRDxFl5AmCNGv0YEdGNAIl2TYwcHFyH5kHpD02JAVW6hcrHSxnjzQ2arw4NkWKU-8E8V0gQtAZlZBa%7ELSMZ92tQy7gexUkNsD2shm1MLkIxvQ57mPhZZAig__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
a601570ffb2ad287807c94cf1763963a
PDF Text
Text
I VILLAGE OP SKOKIE
G73-050O
BI27 OAKTON ST.
:
SKDKIE
•
SKOKIE. ILL. 6OO76
ILUNOtS ^
OFFICE OF THE VILLAGE MANAGER
June 23, 1978
Mr. Frank Coll in
National Socialist Party of America
Rockwell Hall
2519 W. 71st Street
Chicago, Illinois 60629
Dear Mr. Coll in:
This is to formally advise you of the action taken by the President
and Board of Trustees of Skokie on June 22, 1978. In view of your
public statement of intention to cancel your demonstration assembly
in Skokie on June 25, 1978, the permit heretofore issued in conjunction with that assembly has been revoked.
Very truly yours,
John Matzer, Jr.
Village Manager
JM:re
cc:
Mr. David Goldberger
American Civil Liberties Union
Harvey Schwartz
Corporation Counsel
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter to Frank Collin from Village Manager John Matzer, Jr., June 23, 1978
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Matzer, John
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Photocopy of typewritten letter, on Village of Skokie letterhead, addressed to Frank Collin, National Socialist Party of America, Rockwell Hall, from Village Manager John Matzer, Jr., regarding revoking the permit for their demonstration after Collin publically expressed his intention to cancel their demonstration.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1978-06-23
Subject
The topic of the resource
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America
Skokie (Ill.) -- Politics and government
Matzer, John -- Correspondence
Collin, Frank -- Correspondence
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2004.012.035.pdf
Skokie Historical Society - Smith Collection - 2004.012.035
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
1 p.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Original item from the Smith Collection of the Skokie Historical Society
from the Mayor Al Smith Collection
key documents
letters
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25609/archive/files/fc9a863b178babd5579f6ea89d9a3a6e.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=RxwTtHMBasiMJqEzgNJWrkMMMxzF2USMBlS-iTSUV4ynljho2iyn7Zgav-2%7EUBZSL-Iz3wd%7EnL%7EDqumkq83hQ-IBORVOjEUR2KMII6NuXIue-q%7EeGI7nWB0JcZqLbPdM9fmT7ks06slWshf6NKFHNyt-NJYch8Dp8OLM34r2pR%7EnfiLBX9p3R-5PUSaUNxRFAHMqfAlmtKzzic9FT8FiyK9ZRUwkjlbol2ZeKKRKJ4leqMw9fS0HSP8zZWnVQ32gI1CGu-PriBXEa0vksb3tLrRPCzby%7EQCPxC6IChjFeIV9UXpzftT8ZxZeb%7EqkMVwijTsph-WOUlE5A1u%7E%7EmUN6Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
9ad2119ef3722458eaa3812cf2a3fae7
PDF Text
Text
. VILLAGE OP SKOKIE
673-05OO
0127 OAKTON ST.
SKOKIE
•
SKOKIE. ILL. OOO76
K.UNCXS
OFFICE OF THE VILLAGE MANAGER
June 24, 1977
Mr. Frank Coll in
National Socialist Party of America
Rockwell Hall
2519 W. 71st Street
Chicago, Illinois 60629
Re:
Your application for a public assembly permit
Dear Sir:
I have been advised by our legal staff that your application violates
Section 28-42.1 of Village Ordinance No. 77-5-N-996. A copy of this
ordinance is enclosed. Therefore your application cannot be considered.
Future applications for a public assembly permit which do not show intent to violate V.O. No. 77-5-N-996 or other ordinances of the Village
of Skokie will be duly considered.
Yours very truly,
John Matzer, Jr,
Village Manager
JM:re
Encl:
�INANCE PROHIBITING -DEMONSTRATIONS BY MEMBERS OF
ICAL PARTIES WEARING MILITARY-STYLE UNIFORMS
, public demonstration by members of political
\
v
4
parties wearing military-style uniforms is repugnant to the
5
tradition of c i v i l i a n control of government and
6
is repugnant to the standards of morality and decency of the
7
people of the Village of Skokie;
8
9
10
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY ORDAINED that Chapter 28
of the Code of Ordinances of the Village of Skokie be amended
by the addition thereto of Section 28-42 , as follows:
11
12
13
Sec. 28-42
Prohibition of demonstrations by members
of political parties wearing militarystyle uniforms.
14
15
16
17
Sec. 28-42.1
No person
or public
on behalf
wearing a
18
19
20
21
Sec. 28-42.2
"Political party" is hereby defined as an
organization existing primarily to influence
and deal with the structure or affairs of
government, politics or the state,
22
23
24
25
26
Sec. 28-42.3
The Corporation Counsel of Skokie is
hereby empowered to seek an injunction in
the Circuit Court of Cook County to restrain any person, group or organization
from violating this ordinance,
Sec. 28-42.4
Any violation of this ordinance shall be
deemed to be a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof, any person found guilty
shall be punished by a fine of not more
than $500.00, or by imprisonment in the
County Jail for not more than six (6) months,
or by any combination of the foregoing
for each offense.
Sec. 28-42.5
The invalidity of any section or part of
this ordinance shall not affect the
validity of the remaining sections or
parts.
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
•.
'
shall engage in any march, walk
demonstration as a member or
of any political party while
military-style uniform.
�0
•
1
This Ordinance shall be in full force and effect
2
from and after its passage, approval and publication, as
3
required by law.
4
ADOPTED this
. day of
<^
<^^/
•1977'
t
/
VillageVClerk
Ayes
Nayes
Absent
Approved by me this ^ day
^
of
*-7?&<t-^
, 1977.
President, V i l l a g e of Skokie
Attested and filed in my
office this }^(day of
and published as required
by law this *&£ day of
>
*+-~i.
.,
1977.
^Tillage '
-2-
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter to Frank Collin from Village Manager John Matzer, Jr., with Attachments, from June 24, 1977
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Matzer, John
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Photocopy of typewritten letter, on Village of Skokie letterhead, addressed to Frank Collin, National Socialist Party of America, Rockwell Hall, from Village Manager John Matzer, Jr., regarding an application for a public assembly permit. Matzer states that Collin's application violates a Village ordinance cited and thus the "application cannot be considered." A copy of the ordinance is attached.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
6/24/1977
Subject
The topic of the resource
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America
Ordinances, Municipal -- Illinois -- Skokie
Matzer, John -- Correspondence
Collin, Frank -- Corrsepondence
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2004.012.097.pdf
Skokie Historical Society - Smith Collection - 2004.012.097.001-.003
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
3 p.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Original item from the Smith Collection, Skokie Historical Society
from the Mayor Al Smith Collection
key documents
letters
ordinances
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25609/archive/files/4d468a6935cca02afef75e2805ed92fa.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=D8oR5BS2UZr1QGUh7MsA-r%7EkbirvwwC59tSA1lS%7EgSzUlaOA0BtW-rf50uihCdYDxwT0GlzgehxaXiwDLQckU7IuTyra%7EbEDVwIXUZZNH5CQQDkqorQMb6TV2sgudSS51JCOzjBN9Z-FXK4KAc1TLPetoAN4xH60wy7yVuqQqJpEHCyIq2m-DvXAZPKcOKz2ceCb64aqxtNI6g9MnEgaCkyg9jnRA9Av8MZ47toBfspLULERTJy5XkL4mcIjutlPYhI4GOc%7E3qmi7PmJZnU1U2Npekw4NwUmaN30faLpmw1Lcdb6cuXgpfZN8uQpiUmpfSLZvgPJIuGJAGm7af9oVA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
e9a92790afb568d60040b1f772d9b1a0
PDF Text
Text
national Socialist KAB Party aff Bmerka
June 22, 1977
John N.
Village
Village
Skokie,
Matzer, Jr.
Manager
of Skokie
Illinois 60076
' Dear Mr. Matzer:
This is an application for a public assembly permit on
behalf of the National Socialist Party of America, should
such a permit be necessary in light of the information
contained herein.
The following details of the proposed assembly provide
the information requested in the application provisions
of § 27-53 of VO 77-5-N-994:
1)
The date of the proposed assembly is July 4,
1977, from 12:00 noon to 12:30 p.m.
2)
The site of the assembly will be the public
sidewalk in front of the Skokie Village Hall,
5127 Oakton, Skokie, Illinois.
3)
The public assembly will consist of more than
30, but less than 50 demonstrators marching
in single file, back and forth, in front of
the Skokie Village Hall. The demonstrators
do not anticipate the need to occupy the entire
sidewalk and will adjust the line of march to
accommodate normal pedestrian use of the sidewalk.
4)
Some or all of the demonstrators will wear uniforms
which include a swastika emblem or armband.
5)
The demonstrators will carry a party banner
containing a swastika emblem, plus placards.
The placards will carry statements such as
-• - . "White Free Speech," "Free Speech for the White
Man,11 and "Free Speech for White America."
Rockwell Hall 2513 UJ.71st St.
Chicago, II. BDG29 U.S.fl. (312) PRG-7787
�6)
No handbills will be distributed at the assembly
by National Socialist Party of America demonstrators .
We request that this application be considered immediately
pursuant to § 27-55 of VO 77-5-N-994. As good and
compelling cause for late submission of this application,
we direct your attention to the order of the United States
Supreme Court in Collin v. Village of Skokie, entered
June 14, 1977. The injunction entered by the Circuit
Court of Cook County precluded filing of this application
30 days in advance of the date, as required by ordinance
§ 27-52.
As authorized by § 27-64, we hereby request that the
insurance requirement of § 27-54 be waived by the Village
of Skokie for the reason that such insurance is not
available to the National Socialist Party of America.
If the Village of Skokie has retained insurance agents
willing to provide the coverage at reasonable cost,
or knows where the specified coverage can be obtained,
please advise me at once.
Should a permit be unavailable because of previously
scheduled events on July 4, 1977, we request that this
be considered pursuant to § 27-58 as our application
for the same time and site on the first available
Sunday thereafter. On the other hand, if a permit
is unnecessary, we would appreciate being informed
of this immediately.
Please let us hear from you at your earliest convenience.
If you require further information, please call my
attorneys, David Goldberger or Barbara O'Toole, at
726-6180.
ruly,
Frank Collin
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Letter to Village Manager John Matzer, Jr. from Frank Collin, June 22, 1977
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Collin, Frank
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Photocopy of typewritten letter, on National Socialist Party of America letterhead, addressed to John Matzer, Jr., Village Manager, Village of Skokie, requesting a public assembly permit in accordance with Village ordinances. The date, location, number of demonstrators, demonstrators' actions and dress are all addressed. Letter is signed by Frank Collin.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
6/22/1977
Subject
The topic of the resource
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America
Ordinances, Municipal -- Illinois -- Skokie
Matzer, John -- Correspondence
Collin, Frank -- Corrsepondence
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2004.012.096.pdf
Skokie Historical Society - Smith Collection - 2004.012.096.001, .002
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2 p.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Original item from the Smith Collection of the Skokie Historical Society
from the Mayor Al Smith Collection
key documents
letters
ordinances
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25609/archive/files/95d5e33b0fa90d265da840557c210b8c.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=LUE%7Ei8hf8LOvpC46gyvd7cSpmCkE3U6Rh9PIshQaG-vEXc7tCI5WmMZo3qyE7rKXNRreOT1Vc-PngioKd%7EdZSwWvKBmbWilwhTukRhcnVayIQikUqFdq6Lpe37pdny45C9aZQMvCmM0OXWj5BCcBLN8YwA15tPS6Se3jclI3lPOBQy-NP-1bo8e9s5GpMOEOcXJNNfGCC9%7Ei4CZJhUnMxMeEht52EL6tXC0mMW-KShaHk8ZyBzIEp3yTmx8Em8wYF9fxFNo367std-fnzVlMDkC5JLKNNV5suqsMlOBK9hvMa57gqrncHYAuXkoG0UqBJr1y6udB-fU5Lv520J1TxQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
4ba9af954e9fa83c97e2ba30493146c3
PDF Text
Text
MAYOR'S
REPORT REGARDING THE PROPOSED NAZI MARCH
AS A RESULT OF THE DECISION WHICH CAME FROM JUDGE DECKER'S
COURT, WE HAVE HAD A CONSIDERABLE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER
OF LETTERS AND PHONE CALLS.
TODAY ALONE, WE WERE IN RECEIPT
OF 67 PIECES OF MAIL AND WITH THE EXCEPTION OF TWO, ALL
WERE SUPPORTIVE IN THEIR CONTENT.
THESE LETTERS CAME FROM A TOTAL OF ONE FOREIGN COUNTRY,
NAMELY CANADA, AND 23 STATES:
ARIZONA, CALIFORNIA (9)
CONNECTICUT, FLORIDA (5) HAWAII,
KANSAS,
MARYLAND,
?
, INDIANA, IOWA,
MISSOURI, NEW JERSEY (3) NEW MEXICO,
NEW YORK (5) NORTH CAROLINA, OHIO (3} PENNSYLVANIA, SOUTH DAKOTA,
TEXAS, VIRGINIA, WASHINGTON, WEST VIRGINIA AND WISCONSIN.
THE BALANCE FROM VARIOUS COMMUNITIES IN THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
Dated:
February 27, 1978
MAYOR SMITH
COLLECTION
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mayor's Report regarding the Proposed Nazi March with Attached Memo
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Smith, Albert J., 1915-1993
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
This Mayor's Report regarding the proposed National Socialist (Nazi) Party march addresses Judge Decker's court decision and the increased response the Village has received in regards to it. The report lists the number of responses and locations.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2/27/1978
Subject
The topic of the resource
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America -- Public Opinion
Smith, Albert J., 1915-1993 -- Correspondence
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2004.012.025.pdf
Skokie Historical Society 2004.012.025.001-.002
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
2 p.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Original item from the collection of the Skokie Historical Society
key documents
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25609/archive/files/873beb27d8b3de1cdac07d3b0603802e.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=q2EKki3bw4Jj-fqhryJvYwri9qZyPw4AblJu0feeksaW9V4kNznTzK10Bold0-F%7EWXl0vCmidVbP2BJNipTLe17Qx84CzmTpaiBAtAgFOnvMeJh%7EsZhYhXFUXRsqaTdzWHNtFWQuIXe7bEaSupWejYDXcJRMFS1JkB9oPjB-O9IrATJJp-d3uokYEvEDeS-00f3vAAFrwW-JnWvjEXlYEGyApiP40letnx975Dn-eO8dl4km3dO%7EslWLCjzf6Hk9W272qNilMvFXDluOOTLqDFGFNhIJ%7E8NQGwtV%7E-UWBeQ-r9d94GD0b6d4WvM29hOvyy7jVikKDF%7EsgUk0fWIurg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
5de606eb914a1891d89cf041a51a0cdc
PDF Text
Text
SKOKIE PARK DISTRICT
4400 GROVE STREET •
SKOKIE, ILLINOIS 60076
312/674-1500
Director — Parks and Recreation
Board of Park Commissioners
DANIEL D. BROWN
ARTHUR J. JAGO,
PRESIDENT
NORMAN SCHACK, VICE PRESIDENT
JUNE 21, 1978
HERB SWEETOW
ADIE ZUCKERMAN
SHIRLEY S. SHEVICK
PUBLIC NOTICE
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED AND DIRECTED THAT ALL
PROGRAMS, ACTIVITIES AND FACILITIES OF THE SKOKIE PARK
DISTRICT WILL BE CLOSED BETWEEN THE HOURS OF 10:00 P.M,
ON SATURDAY, JUNE 24, 1978TO 6:00 A.M. MONDAY, JUNE 26,
1978.
ALL PARKS AND FACILITIES WILL BE CLOSED TO
THE PUBLIC D U R I N G THE ABOVE STATED HOURS.
THIS DECISION
IS DEEMED NECESSARY FOR PUBLIC SAFETY REASONS AND FOR THE
PROTECTION OF PUBLIC PARK PROPERTY D U R I N G THESE SPECIFIED
HOURS.
ALL PERSONS ARE HEREBY INSTRUCTED TO RESPECT
AND FOLLOW THIS DIRECTIVE, IN COMPLIANCE WITH SKOKIE PARK
DISTRICT ORDINANCES.
INIEL D. BROWN
DIRECTOR
PARKS AND RECREATION
AFFILIATED FOR SERVICE WITH THE NATIONAL RECREATION AND PARK ASSOCIATION
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Public Notice from Skokie Park District from June 21, 1978
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Park District
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
This is a public notice from Skokie Park District regarding the closing of park facilities and the cancellation of all programs and activities from 10 pm on Saturday, June 24, 1978 to 6 am on Monday, June 26, 1978 because of the proposed National Socialist Party (Nazi) march in Skokie.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1978-06-21
Subject
The topic of the resource
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America
Parks -- Illinois -- Skokie
Skokie Park District (Skokie, Ill.)
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2004.012.103.pdf
Skokie Historical Society - Smith Collection - 2004.012.103
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Original item from the Smith Collection of the Skokie Historical Society
from the Mayor Al Smith Collection
key documents
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25609/archive/files/194197af1dd3808d8bc5c9d77bd7c072.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=vouwkJYpOhEiO9tLP12PhQjNQa4QwyuSopf0Gs0Ceh6gPbL2WgnV3VbNQ-0bugGgqFfp6uzHjVpZW0y-eSQ-zZR82HgYBwiK72akl8TwSj3fB3KoIDCiOTx9EResBg6yHroMFw1U9JPnpgaaM37lOQgc3kY7lyyzzjISSunfKqo4Q-DCynCChrCGCUSo5V8VIF-abNhEDO3V0eE8Jq4bRe1DgQo1zNP1TQGuUtEGqs3Q4tNdFiK48xSVAWhPLwJBGfFhYpyOJlOuzFulvUuGvuKQFiXpF4rPEqFUtKsTKaXd3iXWsRdzpAGGBTFZD008IdivGGQHeA3AP0MG9MRMww__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
f8df287a8b4219c40cbd419a60006bad
PDF Text
Text
ANCE PROHIBITING
DEMONSTRATIONS
AL PARTIES
WEARING MILITARY-STYLE
public
WHEREAS,
parties
tradition
of
6
is
7
people
of
wearing
5
BY MEMBERS
UNIFORMS
9
10
to
the
the
of
the
by the
Code
of
standards
of
of
IS
thereto
to
the
and
and
decency
of
the
Skokie;
IT
political
repugnant
morality
Ordinances
addition
is
government
Village
of
uniforms
control
NOW, THEREFORE,
8
by members
military-style
civilian
repugnant
of
demonstration
OF
HEREBY
of
of
the
ORDAINED
Village
Section
28-42
of
that
Chapter
Skokie
28
be amended
, as follows:
11
12
13
Sec.
28-42
Prohibition
of demonstrations
of political
parties
wearing
style
uniforms.
14
15
16
17
Sec.
28-42.1
No person
or public
on behalf
wearing
a
Sec.
28-42..2
"Political
organization
and deal
government,
22
23
24
25
26
Sec.
28-42.3
The Corporation
Counsel
of Skokie
is
hereby
empowered
to seek an injunction
in
the Circuit
Court
of Cook County
to restrain
any person?
group
or organization
from
violating
this
ordinance.
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Sec.
28-42.4
Any violation
of this
ordinance
shall
be
deemed
to be a misdemeanor
and upon conviction
thereof,
any person
found
guilty
shall
be punished
by a fine
of not more
than
$500.00,
or by imprisonment
in the
County
Jail
for
not more than
six
(6) months,
or by any combination
of the foregoing
for
each
offense.
35
36
Sec.
28-
The invalidity
this
ordinance
validity
of
parts.
ii
20
21
iii
42.5
shall
engage
demonstration
of any political
military-style
by members
military-
in any march,
walk
as a member
or
party
while
uniform.
party"
is hereby
defined
as an
existing
primarily
to influence
with
the structure
or affairs
of
politics
or the state.
of any section
or part
shall
not affect
the
the remaining
sections
or
of
�This
from
Ordinance
and
after
required
shall
its
by
passage,
be in
full
force
approval
and
and
effect
publication,
as
law.
ADOPTED
this
&day
of
V'
1977'
Village
Clerk
AYes 2
Nayes
0
Absent
0
Approved
by,me
this-&&
illage
Attested
office
and
filed
this
in
day
my
of
) 1977;
and
by
published
law
as required
this
day
of
, 1977.
Vl
'llage
Clerk
-2-
day
of
Skokie
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Skokie, Illinois Ordinances: An ordinance prohibiting demonstrations by members of political parties wearing military-style uniforms
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Village of Skokie. Board of Trustees
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Photocopy of an ordinance, introduced to Skokie Village Trustees on May 2, 1977, prohibiting demonstrations by members of political parties wearing military-style uniforms. The ordinance states that "public demonstration by members of political parties wearing military-style uniforms is repugnant to the tradition of civilian control of government and... to the standards of morality and decency of the people of the Village of Skokie."<br /><br />The ordinance was passed unanimously (vote of 7 to 0) by the Village Board of Trustees on May 2, 1977. This document is 2 pages long.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
5/2/1977
Subject
The topic of the resource
Ordinances, Municipal -- Illinois -- Skokie
Skokie (Ill.) -- Politics and government
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
Parades
Political parties
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
psd770502c.pdf
Skokie Historical Society 2004.012.023.001
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Orginal item from the Smith Collection, Skokie Historical Society
from the Mayor Al Smith Collection
key documents
legislation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25609/archive/files/ea6deb295edfd28cac21700b76193483.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=V84MIMTumGGj0oKYqL1bhGw9AyP7cpaLH1zYYAvSK-6laDNJboaCWPjC%7Ebyef0CCUJeZOuhTh0K5EqaOU6U74lt82F7AEL%7EDl%7E%7EfMiE8zLzcykzKLp7ykq4JMI-DbtUomXmg%7EkYn09pnALFp9JgAlfgSW34TyYCS9KrLJ84kNBUEZWTff4-WMzUSHtoYN4w5fpaVe-iqyVVJKPbCrBvdJ-BpUhlXMpnaRz16tiwR4Mm91spFxfpp6pj85yyWpr7N8TfSE0C1UaS8zKWYGoZ4WN%7Ebuhevc54JISrQKiwmI3go4iHNFghy-iIrOuj8puLbX0HmHwwYq8aCj166KXEaLg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
1e79d0d8a642a1563e18fbc6a7e296b5
PDF Text
Text
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Skokie, Illinois Ordinances: An ordinance prohibiting the dissemination of materials which promote and incite group hatred
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Village of Skokie. Board of Trustees
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Photocopy of an ordinance, introduced to Skokie Village Trustees on May 2, 1977, prohibiting the dissemination of materials which promote and incite group hatred. The ordinance states that "the dissemination of any material within the Village of Skokie which promotes and incites hatred against members of any group by reasons of their race or national ancestry is repugnant to the local standards of morality of the people of the Village of Skokie" and prohibits such dissemination.<br /><br />The ordinance was passed unanimously (vote of 7 to 0) by the Village Board of Trustees on May 2, 1977. This document is 2 pages long.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
5/2/1977
Subject
The topic of the resource
Ordinances, Municipal -- Illinois -- Skokie
Skokie (Ill.) -- Politics and government
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
Parades
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
psd770502b.pdf
Skokie Historical Society 2004.012.116.001
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Orginal item from the Smith Collection, Skokie Historical Society
from the Mayor Al Smith Collection
key documents
legislation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25609/archive/files/97af226186dfd116ef7f164af2a039d3.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=GjxUQjBV-o0jfLBj12K4FXlVLMJ-3XpF3VcCJaO5tLjF0I4322I0v5r2TcUZtg3olZum0nQClla6GdIF0QjmlKcVU9QygA8Nalf1o5kdOSev40C1nyQZ7h8Sic1gZYuu%7Eiklk2U%7ESuFYa5NRcUOxdFNBtCrR81VvR2xOccg65BRw7HwUYLgHofl3qCXKo6AdjdF2IeYOLLfv-oFytcam%7EejksoUGC6lkORo-Q4IZM59Bj61UGvtKddRCgNBtk8Q1lVLL-zraJB8HuhD9vGZA0KkTmYr82rMf0mWQpyjtUev9Lm7zJ1wvhgmAK5eoL-KxVvZNRvT%7Eo9Vu2C9iYfy83A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
e655c799b057539691a4078a96c8723f
PDF Text
Text
.. \
AN ORDINANCE RELATING TO PARADES
AND PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES
3
S, it
4
fe and orderly
5
protect
the residents
6
services,
7
of their
protection,
of the Village
movement of traffic
of the Village
such as fire
of Skokie
of Skokie
and people so as to
from disruption
program participation,
of issentlal
and the orderly
pursuit
activities.
8
9
is in the best interest
WHEREAS, the President
that the following
10
order
11
regulations
and Board of Trustees
are necessary
to provide
are of the opinion
for such purposes
in
of Skokie;
to promote,the
12
13
health,
Trustees
of the Village
of Skokie,
Section
15
Village
of Skokie
16
Public
Assemblies,
18
XIII.
"Parade and Public
Section
Permit
activity,
thereto
22
to exceed fifty
23
or area of the Village
24
from the Village
25
provided,
26
from school classes,
27
immediate direction
28
acting
29
scheduled
Ordinance
shall
Required,
unless
XIII
Parades and
that this
a permit
allowing
Ordinance
or participating
activities
Sec. 27-52.
or other
Application.
organization
an application
33
not less
than thirty
34
or similar
activity
with
shall
functions,
is permitted
to the President
be assumed
on any street
has been obtained
and Board of Trustees;
not apply to students
of school
activities
authorities
nor shall
going to and
under the
or a governmental
a permit be required
agency
for normal or
of the Villaqe;
Any person,
seeking
the Village
days (30) before
is proposed.
assembly or similar
such activity
in educational
and supervision
the scope of its
public
and/or vehicles
as the
of Skokie."
expected may reasonably
Manager, or upon referral,
.
file
of the
be known and may be cited
No parade,
(50) or more persons,
however,
corporation
of Article
of the Village
where the number of participants
30
Illinois:
27 of the Code of Ordinances
This Ordinance
Assemblies
27-51.
within
and Board of
PARADES AND PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES
Title.
21
shall
That Chapter
1:
of the Village
as follows:
Sec. 27-50.
20
.32
of the residents
Cook County,
be amended by the addition
Article
17
31
and welfare
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED by the President
14
19
safety
partnership,
to obtain
voluntary
association,
a parade or public
assembly
Manager not more than ninety
the date for which the parade,
permit
(90) days and
public
assembly
�Contents.
Sec. 27-53.
assembly
permit
shall
The application
contain
the
for
following
a parade
or
public
information:
a)
The name, address
the application.
b)
If the parade,
public
assembly,
or similar
activity
is
proposed
to be conducted
for,
on behalf
of,
or by an
organization,
the name, address,
and phone number of the
authorized
and responsible
leaders
of the organization
conducting
the parade
or public
assembly,
and the name,
address
and telephone
number of the headquarters
of the
organization.
cl
The date
the hours
d)
The location
activity
will
e)
The route
termination
f)
The approximate
to participate
activity.
9)
A statement
as to whether
the parado
will
occupy
all or only a portion
of
streets
proposed
to be traversed.
h)
The interval
such parade,
and phone
number
of the proposed
parade
that
it will
commence
of the
begin
to
of
person
signing
or public
assembly
and terminate.
assembly
area
to assemble.
be travelled,
point.
the
and the
starting
time
point
and
when
and
the
the
number of persons,
animals
and vehicles
in the parade,
public
assembly.'or
simflar
or public
the width
of space to be maintained
public
assembly
or similar
assembly
of the
between
activity.
units
of
1) If
the. parade,
public'
assembly
or similar
activity
is
designed
to be held by and on behalf
of, or for any person,
partnership,
voluntary
assocfatfon,
corporation
or other
organization;other
than the applfcant..the
applic
t for
such permit
shall
file
with
the Yfllago
&f'skokfe
p"\ a'
communication
in writing
from such, person
or from an
authorized
and responsible
leader
of such organization
authorizing
the applicant
to' apply
for the permit
on
behalf
of such person
or.orsanization.
Any‘addftfonal'informatfon
Presfdent,and
Board
ne,cessary'to
a fair
should
be issued.
J)
Sec. 27-54.
to any applicant
Insurance,in
Thousand
an amount
is
Dollars
for
of
of
not
insurance
verification
that
do business
Public
Three
Hundred
Insurance
of
the
company
and write
issuing
policies
Illfnois~
2.
not
Liability
Tho'usand'Dollars
less
issuance
be submitted
must
be issued
shall
procures'
Prior.to
the
the Village
Manager
or
shall
find.reasonably
.
as to'whether
a permit
No permit
less'than
Damage
such
to
Required.
applicant
($50,000.00).
of
authorized
State
such
and Property
certificates
Manager
Insurance
until
($300.000.00)
which
of'Trustees
determination,
than
of
the
Fifty
permit;
to the Vfllage
such
insurance
of.in$urance
in
the
�Sec. 27-55.
1
2
and
Board
3
therefor,
4
thirty
5
similar
of
Late
Applicants.
when
Trustees,
may consider
(30)
days
activity
Sec. 27-56.
President
and
hereunder
when,
other
information
a)
;:
12
good
the
date
proposed
Standards
Board
of
from
Manager
compelling
and
Village
cause
is
shown
which
is
#filed
an application
before
is
The
such
to
for
hereunder
be
parade,
shall
otherwise
The conduct
of the parade
with
the safe
and orderly
contiguous
to the route.
less
public
The
issue
a consideration
as may
President
assembly
or
Village
Manager
or
conducted.
Issuance.
Trustees
or
of
be
the
a permit
as provided
application
and
obtained,
will
not
movement
it
is
substantially
of traffic
that:
in
interfere
the area
The activity
w;ill
not create
stantial
breac'h;
of the peace,
c)
The conduct
of the parade,
public
assembly,
or similar
activity
will
not portray
criminality,
depravity
or lack
of virtue
in,
or incite
violence,
hatred,
abuse
or hostility
toward
a person
or group
of persons
by reason
of reference
to religious,
racial,
ethnic,
national
or regional
affiliation.
d)
There
are available
at the time
of the parade,
public
assembly,
or similar
activity
a sufficient
number
of peace
officers
to police
and protect
lawful
participants
in the
activity
and maintain'
adequate
police
protection
in the
rest
of the Village
of Skokie.
e)
The concentration
assembly
points
similar
activity
fire
and police
areas
contiguous
f)
The activity
will
functions
or the
of the residents
g)
The conduct
of such parade,
activity
will
not interfere
fighting
equipment
enroute
public
assembly,
with
the movement
to.a
fire.
h)
The parade
is scheduled
to
to its
point
of termination
unreasonable
delays
enroute.
move from
expeditiously
i)
or similar
activity
is not
The parade,
public
assembly,
being
conducted
for
an unlawful
purpose
or for
the sole
purpose
of advertising
any product,
goods
or event
and
is not designed
to be held
purely
for private
profit.
29
30
danger
similar
found
such
b)
5s
28
an imminent
riot,
or
from
for
of a subdisorder.
of persons,
animals
and vehicles
at the
of the parade,
public
assembly,
or
will
not unduly
interfere
with
the proper
protection
of,
or ambulance
service
to
to surh
assembly
areas.
not interfere
normal
pursuit
of the Village
with
scheduled
of
of Skokie.
its
point
and
Village
activities
or similar
of fire
or origin
without
than
�j)
The applicant
requirements
:
Sec.
27-57.Time
an application
or
3
4
of
within
In
ten
the
(10)
event
of
9
days
working
Village
matter
at
after
the
the
shall
President
11
purpose
not
12
permit
13
concurs
14
be stated
15
shall
16
date
17
President
18
of
19
shall
20
visions
of
21
sequent
sections
22
of
a meeting
more
mail
upon
the
which
and
the
be
action
to
the
judicial
review
in
Review
Chapter
110
of
the
special
such
of
days
for
Board
after
Sections
the
of
the
of
with
the
denial
Trustees
the
pro-
and
264
Illinois
Trustees
shall
action
reasons
and
of
the
Manager
the
accordance
Act,
any
Village
of
Board
(21)
therefor
(23)
President
and
Board
reasons
the
re-
filing
the
the
same.
for
and
a notice
the
Administrative
of
made
stating
of
after
twenty-three
Trustees
The
subject
sub-
Revised
Statutes
1975.
Sec.
24
President
25
be
26
or
similar
27
route
28
desiring
29
afternotice:
30
Trustees
27-58.
empowered
have
of
was
at
called
and
deny
twenty-one
President
minutes,
or
or
or
the
either
President
than
days
the
within
denial
the
Trustees
denial,
the
applicant
Board
of
event
in
more
(21)
Manager's
the
permit.
23
.An
Village
published
to
Board
the
to
application
twenty-one
In
the
and
and
than
permit
permit
receipt
shall
application
referred
the
the
Manager
such
the
not
insurance
Ordinance.
Following
Village
denies
be
the
this
Denial.
issue
scheduled
of
application.
in
either
Manager
denial
of
or
with
5 of
the
days,
Trustees
meeting
32
Approval
re-application,
the
IO
31
for
the
application,
8
has complied
fully
set out in Section
and
Board
to
to
Trustees
authorize
the
on
from
file
alternate
a written
permit
effect
of
at
named
action
the
of
conform
or
Village
a permit
the
over
(2)
and
Board
the
Village
requirements
assembly
assembly,
permit.
a
applicant
two
with
shall
or
An
shall.within
acceptance
public
public
a location
Manager
or
application
a parade,
at
Village
to
Manager
applicant.
permit
notice
a parade
of
a time,
by
by the
shall
denying
conduct
alternate
the
The
in
a date,
that
accept'an
of
Permit.
of
activity
different
the
Alternative
of
and
days
of
Manager.
shall
�sec.
1
2
ance
3
of
shall
27-59.
Notice
a parade
send
or
a copy
public
The
Police
b)
The
Fire
cl
The
8
to
Chief
Corporation
Chief
Sec. 27-60.
assembly
permit
Officials.
the
of
of
permit,
the
the
Contents
Village
state
of
Village
of
the
of
of
the
the
Starting
10
b)
Minimum
c)
Maximum
Maximum
interval
of
units
of the parade
e)
The portions
occupied
by
16
17
f)
The maximum
length
miles
or fractions
18
g)
Manager
Such other
information
of Trustees
shall
find
ment of this
Ordinance.
Skokie.
of
Skokie.
parade
or
public
information:
speed.
d)
issu-
speed.
11
the
Skokie.
Each
following
a)
Village
Village
Permit.
9
upon
following:
Counsel
shall
Immediately
assembly
thereof
a)
4
to
:'o
Sec.
21
22
comply
23
applicable
24
leaders
25
or
26
with
upon-his
all
of
the
similar
permit
and
the streets
parade
or
Public
parade
and
conduct
Conduct
assembly
the
'parade
of
Ouring
the
be
in
hereunder
and
with
the'authorized
the
may
Manager
and Board
insure
the enforce
conditions
of
the
that
A permittee
One
carry
between
public
as the Village
necessary
to
conducting
the
or
Permittee.
ordinances.
during
be maintained
assembly.
to be'traversed
publicassembly.
of the
thereof.
directions
shall
27-62.
space
to
or public
of
organization
person
Similar
of
the
Duties
activity,
Sec.
or
27-61.
laws
27
28
time.
parade,
all
and
public
or'public
shall
responsible
assembly,
assembly
permit
parade.
Parades,
Public
Assemblies
Activities:
a)
Interference.
No person
shall
obstruct,
impede
or-interfere
assembly
or similar
activity,
vehicle
or animal
participating
b)
29
30
Driving
Through
Parades,
Public
Assemblies,
or Similar
Activities.
No driver
of any vehicle
shall
drive
between
vehicles
or persons
comprising
a parade,
public
assembly,
or similar
activity
when such vehicles'or
persons
are in
motion
and are conspicuously
designated
as a parade,
::
i7
iii
37
unreasonably
hamper,
with
any parade,
public
or with
any person,
or used in such
activity.
the
�public
assembly,
or similar
activity;
provided,
however,
that Fire and Police
vehicles
and ambulances
may interrupt
a parade,
public
assembly,
or similar
activity
in an emergency
situation.
4
Parking,on
Parade or Public
Assembly Route.
The Vjllage
Manager or
President
and Board of Trustees
shall
have the authority
to
prohibit
or restrict
the parking
of vehicles
along a highway or part
thereof:constituting
a part of the route of a parade,
public
assembly,
The Village
Manager or President
and Board of
similar
activity.
Trustees
shall
order the posting
of signs,to
such effect
and It shall
be unlawful
for any person to park or leave unattended
any vehicle
in
No person shall
be liable
for parking
on a
violation
thereof.
street
unposted
in violation
of this Ordinance.
Sec. 27-63.
and Board
of Trustees
assembly
permit
attention
the
standards
may, with
waive
person
Five
Dollars
found
Sec.
in conflict
hereby
provision
27-67.
repealed
of this
provisions
are
does
set
or public
brought
to the
of Trustees
not,
which
or will
not,
show that
comply
forth.
The President
and Board
present
Any person
who knowingly
conducting
a parade
of tbis
Ordinance
Five
If
Hundred
of Trustees
at any meeting
shall
of any of the remaining
Ordinance
this
Ordinance
to.the
extent
Repealed.
All
or any of the
that
they
conflict
interferes
or public
shall
thereof,
with
not
c$500.00)
contained
for
in this
be deemed to be separable
provisions
ordinances
provisions
with
any
assembly,
be fined
Dollars
any provision
such provision
Ordinance.
facts
of the Board
Separability.
the -validity
a parade
and Board
activity
or President
ordinance.
nor more than
27-66.
with
or President
members
Manager
to revoke
at any time,
of Provisions.
lawfully
($5.00)
if,
as herein
Penalties.
to be invalid,
affect
issuance
of this
any of the
authority
or similar
of all
27-65.
Sec.
not
consent
or organization
violating
Manager
Waiver
any provision
Sec.
is
for
27-64.
the
have the
assembly,
The Village
of Permit.
hereunder
Village
public
Sec.
shall
issued
of the
the parade,
with
Revocation
of this
this'ordinance
less
than
each
offense,
Ordinance
and shall
Ordinance.
or provisions
of this
or any person
of ordinances
ordinance,
or any
are
or
�Section
effect
from
required
by
2:
and
This
after
its
Ordinance
shall
passage,
be
in
approval
and
force
publication,
and
as
law.
ADOPTED
this
$&y&
day
of
&t-Z:/
, 1977.
Village
Ayes
full
Clerk
A-
Mays
0
Absent
@Approved
Attested
and
office
this
of
;IIII i;:lished
.
Village
filed
in my
day
, 1977;
as required
day of
) 1977.
Clerk
by
by me this
day
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Skokie, Illinois Ordinances: An ordinance relating to parades and Public assemblies
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Village of Skokie. Board of Trustees
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Photocopy of an ordinance, introduced to Skokie Village Trustees on May 2, 1977, relating to parades and public assemblies. The ordinance requires that any "parade, public assembly or similar activity" with more than 50 participants apply for a permit to hold the assembly. The requirements for the application are outlined. Additionally, the grounds for revocation of the permit are provided.<br /><br />The ordinance was passed unanimously (vote of 7 to 0) by the Village Board of Trustees on May 2, 1977. This document is 7 pages long.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
5/2/1977
Subject
The topic of the resource
Ordinances, Municipal -- Illinois -- Skokie
Skokie (Ill.) -- Politics and government
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
Parades
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
psd770502a.pdf
Skokie Historical Society 2004.012.118.002
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Orginal item from the Smith Collection, Skokie Historical Society
from the Mayor Al Smith Collection
key documents
legislation
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25609/archive/files/cc55c368bc6cd33531902cd46f33677f.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=Fl-OqYrmGiQMGrvT4juS%7EyC%7EbnDuIVRges%7ElwgeVZ8BEw2zIqOSE8-aIkb%7EbtaD7W5kf%7EJKhhaE9C%7ElpeWIuu3MTtJ5lr%7EX81ZBLSK6YzeCqJAZuqS8SFPJ9BJDopdrQOUcCc3tJ9cdvBaxgNxpIGI3nL1k60ZxaGjWAc7iX%7EAQgeFC6xHtJam0SeVXCnx6xteyU54Nrq1bLcn4qkRCjo-E9J%7ECHpZe73-ufAfvoV6ZkOquJr6zAIs6n0gkUyq-P%7ECRVkYsptVrd7xvebAgdWYaCQheP6LxjuzGnthVcUnPZrs7S3MMFOjxxlDc4GDUUFEeBDm2XKbUDKJHnva5rSQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
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PDF Text
Text
STATEMENT BY ALBERT J. SMITH, M A Y O R OF SKOKIE...
J u n e 23,
1978
Today's decision by the National Socialist Party to cancel their
p l a n n e d demonstration in Skokie on June 25 is a triumph for all
m a n k i n d , not just the people who reside in our village.
The
philosophy represented by this group is an affront to free men of
a l l races and creeds*
Their intended demonstration has reaped a
mental h a r d s h i p on not only our residents, but concerned people
everywhere.
I consider this decision a victory for the American
way of l i f e . * . a victory for the freedoms guaranteed by our forefathers.
Much could be said about the efforts spent attempting to block
this d e s p i c a b l e event.
What has happened is now history, but I
would be remiss if I did not express the gratitude of every Skokie
resident for the m a g n i f i c e n t outpouring of support we received from
both C h r i s t i a n s and Jews from around the world.
Today, we look forward to (a return to peace and tranquility - long
a h a l l m a r k of the Skokie lifestyle. We are proud of the patience
and orderly demeanor e x h i b i t e d by our residents and in our effort,
to work w i t h i n recognized j u d i c i a l procedures.
We are thankful for
this d e c i s i o n and e q u a l l y proud of our V i l l a g e ' s unwaivering stand
on the issues i n v o l v e d .
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Statement by Mayor Albert Smith on June 23, 1978
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Smith, Albert J., 1915-1993
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
This statement by Mayor Albert J. Smith was a reaction to National Socialist (Nazi) Party cancelling their planned march in Skokie and an expression of " the gratitude of every Skokie resident for the magnificent outpouring of support we received from both Christians and Jews from around the world".
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1978-06-23
Subject
The topic of the resource
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America -- Press coverage
Smith, Albert J., 1915-1993 -- Messages
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2004.012.031.pdf
Skokie Historical Society - Smith Collection - 2004.012.031
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Original item from the Smith Collection of the Skokie Historical Society
key documents
speeches
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25609/archive/files/4ca4694f5e72a46f364c515abb400638.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=UKu4SWZdNqqvMxSB5z7V7aVn1rqL1IOpPAdctRQsFW8o1YMtVSu0H6M5qjiAmoCo69ZpwZ-Z4OmPj-tSF%7EWsHjka6HQjxp6c7-8w5ZPXMeS4a-23j78N79x-asEij6QkH-eCuC1kZnbroFt-I2B06QeOuE-Uey8abc9Hed3cfnHjR--ujMlN9OcwL9ArssPp6TKVqqu6egzIw5SXNu0SX-sFa9VPirLwvbAACxPoIRcOtgPtzgFM-aGJgbWgvqYaaPFuO0Nuh95yC3jC-ABVfpNpcUGjWZk7IhBhcf0PCjUS-UxlY5OGZMOxRMGjO%7ERMyOyfh9nxg98MGkWfZVXTBw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
2fcfa88c8710ab06a6c068e2d0814964
PDF Text
Text
STATEMENT FROM ALBERT J. SMITH, MAYOR OF SKOKIE..*
June 21, 1978
Although recent developments hopefully will result In the
cancellation of the planned Nazi demonstration here on Sunday,
June 25th, the V i l l a g e of Skokie must still go ahead with plans
to deal with that event, scheduled to take place from 3:00 to
3:30 p.m.
V i l l a g e officials have a sworn obligation to maintain
order 1n Skokie on Sunday...to safeguard the lives and property
of its residents.
This 1s an awesome task.
Christians and Jews,
not only from the Chicago metropolitan area, but also from around
the country, will be pouring Into our V i l l a g e on Sunday.
Therefore,
extraordinary measures to deal with this situation are required.
The purpose of this b r i e f i n g is to familiarize you as thoroughly
*as possible with our p l a n s for the h a n d l i n g of this event.
I will
outline the Village's security measures and community protection
preparations as thoroughly as possible for you today.
Sgt. Mike
Burns, Police P u b l i c Information Officer for Skokie, w i l l discuss
press credenti als.
�-2-
However, I want to state right now that there are some aspects of
our plan for Sunday w h i c h , for security reasons, are confidential
In nature.
Please understand that the circumstances surrounding
this event require detailed situation-response planning which must
be kept secret 1f we are to provide our citizens with the fullest
measure of protection.
At the conclusion of this briefing, both
Sgt. Burns and myself w i l l answer as many of your queries as
possible.
Reluctant as we are to take the following measures, we have deemed
them necessary to deal with this event*
First, we have enlisted
the aid of a number of cooperating police organizations to assist
us.
Skokie's police force w i l l be supplemented by representatives
of the Cook County Sheriff's Police and police from 12 surrounding
suburban communities:
Evanston, Glenview, Llncolnwood, Morton Grove,
•Miles, Wilmette, Winnetka, Northbrook, Northfield, Glencoe, Kenilworth
and W h e e l i n g .
A total of approximately 300 police officers, I n c l u d i n g
Skokie's 140-man force, w i l l be on hand.
The Illinois State Police
and I l l i n o i s N a t i o n a l Guard w i l l have a number of men in Skokie to
assist the cooperating community police departments.
The National
Guard w i l l also make a v a i l a b l e seven helicopters which will be used
for area s u r v e i l l a n c e .
The Nazi demonstration is restricted to the sidewalk area in front
of V i l l a g e H a l l and only that portion of the sidewalk which p a r a l l e l s
the b u i l d i n g ' s w i d t h .
other location.
They w i l l not be permitted to assemble in any
�-3-
Because of the expected crush of people and cars on Sunday, extra*
ordinary police action w i l l be necessary*
To provide security,
reduce confusion and a l l e v i a t e congestion in the demonstration area,
a perimeter line w i l l be established to prohibit motor vehicle
traffic into the V i l l a g e ' s Central Business District.
Only residents 1
vehicles w i l l be allowed into this designated security zone bounded
by:
Main Street on the North
Howard Street on the South
Skokie Boulevard on the East
Edens Expressway on the West
Residents who must get in or out of this area must enter or exit
at one of the following four checkpoints:
N i l e s Center Road at M a i n Street or
Gross Point Road at M a i n Street at the North border
and
L i n c o l n A v e n u e at Howard Street or
N i l e s Center Road at Howard Street to the South
Officers at these c h e c k p o i n t s w i l l search all vehicles for weapons.
In a d d i t i o n , residents must show p o s i t i v e identification to pass
through these checkpoints into the security zone.
W i t h i n this
restricted v e h i c l e area, there w i l l also be a police l i n e cordoning
off several blocks in the immediate v i c i n i t y of the Nazi demonstration area.
Only the Nazi demonstrators and working press w i l l be
a l l o w e d into this l o c a l e .
�-4-
A g a i n , I want to emphasize that the V i l l a g e regrets it must take
these extraordinary measures to safeguard the community, but the
occasion most certainly warrants these actions.
We hope every
affected resident w i l l understand the necessity of taking these
steps .
Representatives from the I l l i n o i s National Guard, State Police,
S k o k i e Police and V i l l a g e of Skokle w i l l m a i n t a i n a Command Center
at M i l e s West High School.
location.
There w i l l be no access to this
A press room w i t h typewriters and telephones w i l l be set
up at N i l e s East H i g h School Student Lounge.
Entrance to the Lounge
is from Mul ford Street (between Niles Avenue and Lament Avenue) at
Door 121 (marked Assembly).
We w i l l attempt to keep the media up-
to-date on a mi nute-by-mi nute basis at this location.
An official
representative of the V i l l a g e w i l l be present to brief the media as
necessary.
Contact w i l l be m a i n t a i n e d with the Command Center from
here.
In a d d i t i o n , Skokie w i l l p r o v i d e its residents with a telephone
i n fo rmai t i on s e r v i c e to answer questions p e r t a i n i n g to the event.
These phones are now b e i n g i n s t a l l e d and a phone number w i l l be
announced as soon as p o s s i b l e . This service w i l l begin at 8:00
Sunday m o r n i n g and w i l l remain 1n o p e r a t i o n through 6:00
a.m.
p.m.
Sunday e v e n i n g .
Sgt. M i c h a e l Burns w i l l now discuss press credential arrangements
for the demonstration.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Statement from Mayor Albert J. Smith on June 21, 1978
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Smith, Albert J., 1915-1993
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
This four-page document is the text of a statement from Mayor Albert J. Smith addresses several issues regarding the precautionary measures for the proposed National Socialist (Nazi) Party march, including: police activities assistance of surrounding community police forces, Illinois State Police, Cook County Sheriff's Police and Illinois National Guard street closings the designated demonstration area checkpoints the location of the police command center at Niles West High School and the location of the press room at Niles East High School.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1978-06-21
Subject
The topic of the resource
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America
Police -- Illinois
Smith, Albert J., 1915-1993 -- Messages
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2004.012.099.pdf
Skokie Historical Society - Smith Collection - 2004.012.099
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Original item from the Smith Collection of the Skokie Historical Society
key documents
speeches
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25609/archive/files/e8f8751659a2b9c514ca8e9d952b6868.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=ibnQw1PrJ3jY%7Ec%7Eh4bjT7SUsQCxcT95eyhpwgSJDbppqlYzSlF9t0-wT5eoH4A59QV3EVMCNunRaTzL3QODwT099ymP36uL6S79YKZX72mlodJQYTaYu9jFPNgsnSp2u7kdpCES5nDhW5TI9F5kPjg5fvIIyH1fQL0Fi5ytI6UDhbBrE9hJTIJJWugMfqOkzNfrr27MbR9WOz0DCa0NHEZ3wyWQueDNPCEvqlpagnK2BTCS6RAZHA56Ef8Kd7Hht8XqBwRcemxzDx758DrLbJttSdVbFVJJ6AF%7EzCpvJMwrp0YwZZBIzmiJAk2xRUZNHtuoKkbUTdod2xDlM%7EyaGWQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
6165419eaadd68064d45a86a0107dd36
PDF Text
Text
Mayor Albert J. Smith - Statement January 27, 1978
I understand from the media that the I l l i n o i s Supreme
. z ^^
KS3'
Court has decided in favorjDf the Nazi right to demonstrate in
Skokie^
I am, of course, disappointed at the result.
Our attorneys b e l i e v e that no Nazi demonstration can take
place under the I l l i n o i s Supreme Court action today.
We are
w a i t i n g for the Federal Court to rule on the Skokie ordinances
which p r o h i b i t some of the Nazi a c t i v i t i e s . Under these
ordinances a Nazi demonstration is s t i l l i l l e g a l .
We prefer to hold further comment until the Federal
Court rules.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Statement from Mayor Albert Smith on January 27, 1978
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Smith, Albert J., 1915-1993
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Mayor Albert J. Smith's statement regarding the Illinois Supreme Court's ruling allowing the National Socialist (Nazi) party to demonstrate in Skokie. The statement is as follows, "I understand from the media that the Illinois Supreme Court has decided in favor of the Nazi right to demonstrate in Skokie wearing a swastika (handwritten). I am, of course, disappointed at the result. Our attorneys believe that no Nazi demonstration can take place under the Illinois Supreme Court action today. We are waiting for the Federal Court to rule on the Skokie ordinances which prohibit some of the Nazi activities. Under these ordinances a Nazi demonstration is still illegal. We prefer to hold further comment until the Federal Court rules".
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1/27/1978
Subject
The topic of the resource
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America
National Socialist Party of America -- Press coverage
National Socialist Party of America -- Trials, litigation, etc.
Ordinances, Municipal -- Illinois -- Skokie
Smith, Albert J., 1915-1993 -- Messages
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2004.012.029.pdf
Skokie Historical Society - Smith Collection - 2004.012.029
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Original item from the Smith Collection of the Skokie Historical Society
from the Mayor Al Smith Collection
key documents
speeches
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25609/archive/files/ca0fd2a7899263e085cc3b0bc491fb73.pdf?Expires=1712793600&Signature=D8bcGxyET1bL62g8oy-g6cGCdkVE1FEYsLDF7pZ-2YuSvGFmKjBQAyoY4WSig%7E4PymvCmtYDiMfR9nPfFnJN3pLNEuCBAG84r9eIaLNwaX4bfDTynkdIQ%7EVXij82MF3u14MIXvuQfFuYLbeRGvQ9c65npT2Vj5wU4MOXf4OZVM8oU48Ynkzl-79TRMvJxRFcomRJt47%7EF4T1nPzodUovJlH4ayQnPjzPl76FKTjEuAcQGFW1fRfn-Qfq86-sxu3BILzFoc9UBiLtxip48SAZMMaMIVuVVGdDyx%7Eski41mP6dmoLSC54lmV5RNKzc93b%7EISLTrbBsAeLDMvcb%7EkIYdw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
55680d68c611ee73b86db28de16edb58
PDF Text
Text
,
,
.
IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS
COUNTY DEPARTMENT, CHANCERY DIVISION
VILLAGE OF SKOKIE-, a
municipal corporation,
Plaintiff,
-vs-
No.
)
NATIONAL SOCIALIST PARTYOF AMERICA;
FRANCIS JOSEPH COLLIN, a/k/a FRANK
COLLIN; FRANK G. DUDA; THOMAS R. GOODWIN;
ROBERT L. JOHNSON; ROBERT P. JOYCE;
VICTOR M. MADRAZO, a/k/a VICTOR
ESPANA, a/k/a VICTOR P•. MC LAUGHLIN;
THOMAS MC GOVERN; WILLIAM SMALLEY;
JOSEPH A. WEBER and GARY HANSEN,
Officers and Members of the
National Socialist Party of America.
}
}
}
l
}
}
}
Defendant~.
COMPLAINT FOR ISSUANCE OF AN EMERGENCY INJUNCTION
The plaintiff, VILLAGE OF SL<OKIE, a municipal corporation, by
HARVEY SCHWARTZ, its Corporation Counsel, states.:as follows:
J. Tbe plaintiff is an Illinois municipal corporation containing
a population of approximately 70,000 persons.
2.
Included among the population of Skokie are approximately
40,500 persons of Jewish religion or Jewish ancestry or of both Jewish religion
and Jewish ancestry.
3.
Included among the Jewish population in Skokie are hundreds
of persons who are (a) survivors of Nazi concentration camps and· tb) many
thousands of persons whose families and close relatives were murdered by the
Nazis.
4. A large percentage of the Jewish population is organized into
groups and organizations. These groups and organizations include the
Janusz Korczak Lodge of B'nai B'rith, and others, composed of survivors of
the Nazi death camps;
5. The defendant, National Socialist Party of America, is an
organization dedicated to the incitation of racial and religious hatred directed
principally against individuals of Jewish- faith or ancestry and non-Caucasions.
The members of the National Socialist Party of America have patterned their
conduct, their unifonn, their- slogan and
I ,:
-1-
~heir
.
tactics along the pattern of
�the Gennan Nazi Party. including the adoption of the hated swastika·. The
unifonn of.tbe National Socialist Party of America consists of the stonn
trooper unifonn of the Gennan Nazi Party embellished with the Nazi swastika.
6.
Fran~is
Joseph Collin, a/k/a Frahk Collin. is a member of the
National Socialist Party of America. The defendants Frank G. Duda, Thomas R.
Goodwin. Robert L•. Johnson, . Robert P. Joyce. Victor M.Madrozo, Thomas McGovern,
William Smalley. Joseph A. Weber and Gary Hansen, are officers and members
thereof.
7. On March 20, 1977, the Chief of Police of the Village of Skokie
received a communication from the.aforesaid Frank Collin announcing his .
intention to come to the Vi.llage of Skokie and march on . the sidewalks thereof
on May 1, 1977 together with 200 other members of bis organization.
8. Since that date, a campaign· of telephone calls in the early
morning hours has been embarked upon by individuals .identifying themselves
as members of the National Socialist Party of America. Such calls have been
made in the hours between 3:00 and 5:00 a.m. to persons whose names indicate
the probability that they .are persons of Jewish faith or ancestry. Such
telephone calls infonn the recipient that the Nazis in.tend to march in the
Village of Skokie on May 1. 1977.
9. As a result of such phone calls and some publicity given by the
news media, it is corm10n knowledge in the Village ·of Skokie., particularly among
.the Jewish population, ·that the National Socialist Party of America intends to
march .in the Village of Skokie on May 1, 1977. The threatened march of the
defendants on May 1st has aroused the passions of thousands of .individuals
of Jewish faith or ancestry within the Village and more particularly has
.aroused the passions of the survivors of the Nazi concentration camps who are
taking measures unknown to the plaintiff to thwart the threatened march.
10. The march of the defendnats on May 1, 1977 is a deliberate
and willful attempt to exacerbate the sensitivities of the Jewish population
in Skokie and to incite racial.and religious hatred. Such march, if not restrained
by Order of this Court, constitutes a grave and serious threat to the peace of
-2-
�the citizens of the Village of Skokie.
11. By reason of
ttie ethnic and religious composition of the
Village of .Skolde and the circumst·ances alleged above, the public display
of the swastika in connection with the proposed activities of the defendant,
National Socialist Party of America, constitutes a symbolic assault against
large numbers of the residents of the Plaintiff village and an incitation
to violence and retaliation.
12. The plaintiff has no remedy eXcept in a Court of equity.
WHEREFORE, plaintiff prays for the issuance of an emergency
injunction against the defendant .restraining and enjoining them from engaging
in any of the following activities within the Village of Skokie on May 1,
1977:
A. Marching, walking or parading in the uniform of the National
Socialist Party of America.
·a.
Marching, walking, parading
o~ ~tberwise
displaying the
swastika on or off their person.
C.
Distributing pamphlets or displaying any materials which
incite or promote hatred against persons of Jewish faith or ancestry or
hatred against persons of any faith or ancestry, race or religion.
D. That John N. Matzer, Jr., Village Manager of the Village of
.
Skokie and its chief law enforcement officer, by and through the members of
· the Skokie Police Department, be authorized and empowered to take whatever
steps may be required by him to insure compliance with the terms of this
injunctive ordef.
E. And for such other relief as the Court may decree.
VILLAGE OF SKOKIE, a
municipal corporation,
By:
Its Corporation Counsel
HARVEY SCHWARTZ
5127 Oakton Street
Skokie, Illinois
60076
OR 3-0500
-3-
�STATE OF ILLINOIS )
COUNTY OF C 0 0 K
l SS
HARVEY SCHWARTZ, being first duly sworn on oath, deposes and says
that he has read the foregoing Complaint for .Issuance of an Emergency Injunction
and that the allegations contained therein are true and correct.
SUBSCRIBED and SWORN to
before me this
day
of
1977.
Notary Public
-4-
J
7
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Village of Skokie v. National Socialist Party of America, et al., Docket No 77-2702, Circuit Court of Cook County, llinois, Chancery Division
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Complaint for an Issuance of an Emergency Injunction to prevent the Frank Collin and members of the National Socialist Party of America from marching in Skokie on May 1, 1977. The document cites the Jewish population in Skokie and the large number of Holocaust survivors as well as a campaign of early morning phone calls from National Socialist Party of America members to Skokie residents.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
4/28/1977
Subject
The topic of the resource
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America -- Trials, litigation, etc.
District Courts -- Illinois
Holocaust survivors
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
No Copyright - United States http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2004.012.117.pdf
Skokie Historical Society - Smith Collection - 2004.012.117.001-.004
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Schwartz, Harvey
Original item from the collection of the Skokie Historical Society
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Extent
The size or duration of the resource.
4 p.
court documents
from the Mayor Al Smith Collection
key documents
-
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099acff051962112cdfb951323afd030
PDF Text
Text
NATIONAL
HEADQUARTERS
P. O. BOX 5505
ARLINGTON. VA.
22205
MIDWEST DISTRICT
& CHICAGO UNIT:
P. O. BOX 5865
CHICAGO, ILL.
60680
THE INVASION BEGINS!
Tn recent years the general public in the Chicago area have heard very little
about the Party. With few men and very little in the way of money, the Chicago
Unit has had to operate almost as a guerilla organization, using hit and run
tactics. Tn many neighborhoods our men would distribute hundreds of thousands
of leaflets and copies of the WHITE POWER newspaper on street corners and from
door to dcor, Many people were reached this way.
^ii-** Storm Troopers, usually unannounced would march publicly, in full uniform,
rr would travel about in one of the Party's WHITE POWER buses. Much was accomplished this way.
All of this was done only to help prepare our unit for the real move. Just as
it takes years for an army to prepare for an invasion so it takes years for a
political organization to prepare to shift into the mass movement stage.
The time has come for the Chicago Unit to start its invasion.
Our men, located in other parts of the country, have learned from cold, hard
experience that the only way for the Party to be successful in an area is to
reach the people.
Across the country our men hold White Power rallies, inarches, and most importantly of all, operate out of headquarters.
Doing these things they publicly
show the people what they stand for, and establish themselves in a place where
they can be reached by the people. In this way the Organisation in these ar»=as
are not dependent on the news media for its survival. And lets face it - the
Jewish controlled news media will always make an unfavorable report concerning
the Party, if they bother to make any report at all.
So with the unselfish sacrifice from local sympathizers and our Commander Matt
Koehl, the Chicago Unit has purchased a building and has opened it as both an
N3 Bookstore and as a headquarters for activities in the Midwest area.
Obtaining this building was another big step in pushing the Party toward, the
mass movement stage. But its only a start, only a beach head in our political
invasion. ve still have a long way to go. In order to continue our work we
n»ed not only your financial support but also your time and energy. -Tith YOUR
help, and. the STEEL rflLL that we have inherited as "WHITE MEN, there 3s no
limit to what we can do.
WHITE FO-J3R!
MAYOR SMITH
COLLECTION
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Written statement from the National Socialist White People's Party
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Socialist White People's Party
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Typewritten statement from the National Socialist White People's Party that opens with: 'The Invasion Begins!'. The statement suggests the ways the Chicago unit of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party are reaching people through leaflets, marches, and demonstrations. It discusses the purchase of a building to be a bookstore and the Midwest headquarters by Commander Matt Koehl. This document is also an appeal for financial support.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1/12/1978
Subject
The topic of the resource
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America -- Messages
Koehl, Matt
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
2004.012.028.pdf
Skokie Historical Society - Smith Collection - 2004.012.028
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Original item from the Smith Collection of the Skokie Historical Society
from the Mayor Al Smith Collection
key documents
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25609/archive/files/347d03080ec74adb4e07e47522f522c5.mp3?Expires=1712793600&Signature=PPy942g8%7Ep0NF4SX2bymkj4zOzJwh6-OyBELLjwI4wnh5dW5noFfC94yoxAOHG3R6u3KENKLI166VWDR0mtgU2ji2wcSUwl4hq8gdLMqa7i2mPTFZcZd%7Eb54gFATs58OFZKOnnHzoaQqBDxdT5IKT5jV2dxpd0K-T5fELbJG11-WYVuVBt9Uy6PJTPg7MrFDLfjLNQ9zQLCgVnPpr3P4H4b6%7EpzH-BEo02fnueFq6o-aV-ywEJ00HZ%7EUumUxufI0K%7E87t6TT5O4NVboS1BIfqmTes7Yyb4-u5nO03SGbUKlIErHpqj%7EPmnri4S0E0jJ%7E2bwIJlYIxzraeOzg8fl2Fg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
f8063534a240110bd1f6725ea5373dac
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Sound
A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Sound recording, 1/4 in. magentic audio tape
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
0:07:05
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Board Meeting, [11] May 2, 1977, Report of the Corporation Counsel: Harvey Schwartz reads "An Ordinance Relating to Parades and Public Assemblies"
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Village of Skokie. Board of Trustees
5/2/1977
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Harvey Schwartz, during his Report of the Corporation Counsel, introduces and reads the first of three ordinances, entitled, "An Ordinance Relating to Parades and Public Assemblies." This ordinance is similar to rules enacted by the Skokie Park District and the Chicago Park District and it outlines the requirements of applying for a permit to hold a parade or public assembly in Skokie. Schwartz asks that the Board set aside the regular order of business in order to attend to this and the other two ordinances. That request (not included in this sound clip) is approved unanimously as is the motion to adopt the ordinance.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
MP3
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie (Ill.) -- Politics and government
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
vbm_770502_112.mp3
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Skokie Village Board of Trustees, Skokie, IL
Schwartz, Harvey
Skokie Public Library, Adult Audiobook-CD 977.311A, Disk 1, Track 12
Original recordings from Village of Skokie, Skokie, IL
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
audio recordings
key documents
ordinances
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25609/archive/files/f61ac5aed2bb433824ef3abb3a3e9c9f.mp3?Expires=1712793600&Signature=LUg9wr7iI-rRQuRnPIfZFgbxejN200ylAEq7uOfK6a4ESjlzm7xhGHvCfquVRTQp-tg9myZzDbPSTb3dwYJEHxR39NixRVhp3tLw3pJ%7Eon4VONhDmCz8tJFe-qRgwXvEAlW8iDZoZf6Gc7Ca%7EiqawU-Sex9mFVha%7E3ZgSo0PeZzznxYpAOKMI0jRZ7zdLG7lpQcALG8egyWbCAButxLs7YXxrYg6ZwU-CipW2NzDhfBKZSyuBUESfQIOXSd59UvI-uLbwUqGmsm5UnJQpG7A6hesH4P9KKMFdsMDC28cc0%7ECAKH8bjPhiXLVq6JiC7EPXLcSPfJDdw2l4XEaQovwdQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
adbd7add798b7dafd4164ad7afee622d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Sound
A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Sound recording, 1/4 in. magentic audio tape
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
0:01:22
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Board Meeting, [12] May 2, 1977, Report of the Corporation Counsel: Harvey Schwartz reads "An Ordinance Prohibiting Demonstrations by Members of Political parties Wearing Military-Style Uniforms"
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Village of Skokie. Board of Trustees
5/2/1977
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Harvey Schwartz, during his Report of the Corporation Counsel, introduces and reads the second of three ordinances entitled, "An Ordinance Prohibiting Demonstrations by Members of Political Parties Wearing Military-Style Uniforms." Schwartz reads the ordinance quickly. The motion to adopt the ordinance is passed by a unanimous vote (not on this sound clip).
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
MP3
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie (Ill.) -- Politics and government
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
vbm_770502_114.mp3
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Skokie Village Board of Trustees, Skokie, IL
Schwartz, Harvey
Skokie Public Library, Adult Audiobook-CD 977.311A, Disk 1, Track 14
Original recordings from Village of Skokie, Skokie, IL
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
audio recordings
key documents
ordinances
-
https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/25609/archive/files/1dcea850aefb6322ed374bc4c1e1f3fb.mp3?Expires=1712793600&Signature=TlJtDeXiVk9iok9YGys4NkusXUIWOWJMVBIMQTP307S09iaKYPgv8HZz9H7CMD2TWnZyPX4olOa1wZoLFnlFXZG%7EDTWD8nXKzqI5W-Dy7M%7EdRwfOKEkq-lO-acc7vzus1pb8WGxwh2WE7nc-ApjxmNEGy0I%7ERJZ3r7nu6xjaspoBhvOK99Btj1TZDXy9ybcw7hADxspglAdf5weyTByhb2ZGby8Gv1exFADg4JJJ27T5qd7j8Tn-JsbMLVeiH97kDcZkrYtoa7kPPp9QOFp9SxVNg47sydLn0DscIqCjnQv9cm6vkcqrzezPhjehTZXG2R9dcBCHyx0%7E8kUJT8aikQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM
6737e4092c05a7d6b5bc1bee1b55eb99
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attempted Nazi March in Skokie, 1977 and 1978, Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
<p>During the late 1970s, a small group of neo-Nazis based in Chicago attempted to hold a rally in the Village of Skokie, Illinois, a community that was known to have a large Jewish population. Local officials resisted the group’s efforts through by passing a series of ordinances aimed at preventing demonstrations or parades by hate groups. The ordinances were ultimately overturned following a series of state and federal lawsuits because they infringed on the group’s First Amendment rights and the neo-Nazis were issued a permit to demonstrate in Skokie. However, instead of facing the growing number of organized counter-demonstrators, the group held rallies in Federal Plaza and in Marquette Park in Chicago. <br /><br />Visit <a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Skokie Public Library's online exhibit</a> to see the events as they unfolded. The library's digital collection, seen here, includes newspaper articles, editorials, recordings from the Skokie Village Board of Trustees meetings, a memoir written by a local clergywoman, and two documentary films.</p>
<p>For further information, you can find more resources in the library. If you have questions or comments send us an <a title="email Skokie Public Library" href="mailto:tellus@skokielibrary.info">email </a>or call us at 847-673-3733.</p>
Relation
A related resource
<h3><a title="Attempted Nazi March in Skokie" href="https://skokiehistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/attempted-nazi-march/timeline">Attempted Nazi March in Skokie online exhibit</a></h3>
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Skokie Public Library
Sound
A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Sound recording, 1/4 in. magentic audio tape
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
0:01:22
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Board Meeting, [13] May 2, 1977, Report of the Corporation Counsel: Harvey Schwartz reads "An Ordinance Prohibiting the Dissemination of Materials Which Promote and Incite Group Hatred"
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Village of Skokie. Board of Trustees
5/2/1977
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Harvey Schwartz, during his Report of the Corporation Counsel, introduces and reads the third of three ordinances entitled, "An Ordinance Prohibiting the Dissemination of Materials Which Promote and Incite Group Hatred." Schwartz reads the ordinance quickly. The motion to adopt the ordinances is passed by a unanimous vote (not on this sound clip).
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
MP3
Subject
The topic of the resource
Skokie (Ill.) -- Politics and government
Demonstrations -- Illinois -- Skokie
National Socialist Party of America
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
In Copyright http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
vbm_770502_116.mp3
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Skokie Village Board of Trustees, Skokie, IL
Schwartz, Harvey
Skokie Public Library, Adult Audiobook-CD 977.311A, Disk 1, Track 16
Original recordings from Village of Skokie, Skokie, IL
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Temporal Coverage
Temporal characteristics of the resource.
1970s (1970-1979)
audio recordings
key documents
ordinances